10027/19437 A.J. Zele A.J. Zele Vision under mesopic and scotopic illumination University of Illinois at Chicago 2015 vision rods cones scotopic mesopic photopic color temporal 2015-05-18 00:00:00 Journal contribution https://indigo.uic.edu/articles/journal_contribution/Vision_under_mesopic_and_scotopic_illumination/10761194 Evidence has accumulated that rod activation under mesopic and scotopic light levels alters visual perception and performance. Here we review the most recent developments in the measurement of rod and cone contributions to mesopic color perception and temporal processing, with a focus on data measured using a four-primary photostimulator method that independently controls rod and cone excitations. We discuss the findings in the context of rod inputs to the three primary retinogeniculate pathways to understand rod contributions to mesopic vision. Additionally, we present evidence that hue perception is possible under scotopic, pure rod-mediated conditions that involves cortical mechanisms