A comparison of medication access services at 340B and non-340B hospitals

Background: For patients that face barriers to filling their prescriptions, the availability of medication access services at their site of care can mean the difference between receiving prescribed drug therapy, and undue interruptions in care. Hospitals often provide medication access services that are not reimbursed by payers; however, they can be challenging to sustain. The 340B Drug Pricing Program allows covered entities to generate savings through discounted pricing for certain outpatient medications, which can then be used to provide more comprehensive services, including medication access services. Objective: To characterize medication access services provided at hospitals that participate in the 340B Drug Pricing Program compared to hospitals that do not participate in the 340B Program. Methods: Primary questionnaire response data was collected from a national sample of Directors of Pharmacy at non-federal acute care hospitals from March 2019 to May 2019. American Hospital Association Data Viewer was used to collect demographic information on 1,531 hospitals. Hospitals were excluded if they had 199 beds or fewer, did not have a unique Medicare provider ID, were federally owned, were located outside the continental U.S., or were non-acute care hospitals that served niche patient populations. This study utilized a proportional stratified sampling strategy to administer an electronic questionnaire to 340B and non-340B hospitals to assess the number and type of medication access service offerings. A final randomized sample of 500 hospitals were administered the questionnaire, and data was collected through recorded responses in Qualtrics software. Results: 340B hospitals provided a significantly higher average number of medication access services compared to non-340B hospitals (6.20 vs. 3.91, p = 0.0001), adjusted for differences in hospital size and ownership type. For all nine medication access services that were assessed, a higher percentage of 340B hospitals reported providing the service compared to non-340B hospitals. This difference was statistically significant for six out of nine programs assessed. Conclusions: 340B hospitals provided more medication access services, on average, than comparably sized non-340B hospitals, suggesting that hospitals participating in the 340B Drug Pricing Program may be better positioned to create and administer programs that support medication access services.