Risk Factors for Failure of Individuals with Disabilities to Enter Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for failure of individuals with disabilities to enter the vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, including the cases where they had been formally accepted but were yet to receive any service. Methods: We used prospective cohort data from a Midwestern US state, and analysed 126,251 and 94,517 individuals, respectively, for acceptance and admission into VR services. Statistical analysis was conducted using Poisson regression models with robust variance estimator. Results: Individuals with blind/visual disability, had prior history of employment, and who received public support tended to have lower risks of nonacceptance and non-admission. Being non-White, at higher education, ever/currently married, and with physical/orthopaedic disability appeared to increase the risks of both outcomes. The adjusted relative risk for non-acceptance was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.52, 0.64) if the individuals had 4 or more functional limitations as compared with those with fewer limitations. This factor was not significant for VR admission. Conclusion: Disability factors, demographic determinants, and certain miscellaneous characteristics were associated with the risks of nonacceptance and non-admission into VR.