A Dynamic Approach Toward Examining Telecommuting and Its Impacts on Other Daily Activities

Telecommuting emerged with advancing technology, including personal computers, widespread internet access, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools This transition accelerated due to unforeseen events, most notably the COVID-19 pandemic, compelling rapid adaptations in organizations. At the same time, other ICT-related behaviors, like online shopping, also underwent transformation, resulting in significant changes in urban mobility patterns. This study conducts a comprehensive exploration of telecommuting behavior and its wide-ranging impacts on modern life. First, the study understands the future of telecommuting, particularly in the post-pandemic era, where COVID-19 is no longer a concern. We analyze how telecommuting preferences evolved during the pandemic when COVID-19 remained a threat, but risk perceptions potentially changed. We employed a panel Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) utilizing data from nationwide surveys conducted in 2020 and 2021. This model examines the influence of two unobserved factors on telecommuting behavior: (1) the perception of risk related to COVID-19 exposure, and (2) perceived productivity while telecommuting. Second, this study investigates the frequency of telecommuting and its interrelationship with online shopping in the "new normal" post-pandemic era. Using data from a late 2021 survey, we developed a GSEM framework to understand the factors influencing decisions regarding telecommuting and online shopping frequency. These determinants include attitudes, perceptions, travel behaviors, and socio-demographic characteristics. Third, we aim to study the impact of telecommuting decisions on daily activity patterns. We aim to gain comprehensive insights into how telecommuting reshapes people’s day-to-day routines and activities including household responsibilities, leisure activities, and time allocation. The study explores broader changes in telecommuting trends since the onset of the pandemic. It assesses the frequency of telecommuting across different socio-demographic groups and compares individuals’ expectations for telecommuting frequency with their actual practices. This comprehensive examination not only contributes to academic knowledge but also provides practical insights for individuals, organizations, and policymakers navigating the evolving work and lifestyle dynamics in the post-pandemic era.