Bilevel Robust Optimization of On-Site PVT System in Manufacturing Facility Considering TOU Tariffs

The industrial sector is responsible for approximately 38% of global energy consumption, yet the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) remains relatively limited. Incorporating RES in industrial settings has the potential to significantly reduce carbon emissions, preserve resources, and improve energy efficiency, helping to achieve sustainability targets. This thesis investigates the potential of implementing Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) systems combined with Battery Energy Storage (BES), Thermal Energy Storage (TES), and Electricity Demand Response (DR) programs to enhance both cost-efficiency and environmental sustainability in industrial operations. The study develops and optimizes an energy management model that integrates both the planning and operational phases, aiming to improve cost-efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. The approach was tested in a case-study manufacturing facility, comparing the system with a baseline scenario where no renewable energy sources were adopted. Results showed a 2.54% reduction in total energy costs and a 14.93% decrease in CO2 emissions.Additionally, the system led to a significant reduction in natural gas consumption, further improving sustainability outcomes.