Evaluation of Sensor-Based Air Monitoring Networks in the U.S. and Globally: Guidance for Urban Networks

Advancements in air sensor technology have paved the path for community-driven environmental monitoring, particularly in areas underserved by traditional air monitoring networks. This study examines national and global air sensor networks, focusing on technological, administrative, financial, and community engagement aspects. Through expert interviews and case studies, it explores the best practices and lessons for design and implementation networks to guide similar efforts in urban industrial corridors with environmental justice (EJ) communities. A mixed-methods approach was applied to this research. A comprehensive review of scientific and grey literature was performed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with air monitoring experts from diverse sectors, including academia, government agencies, private industries, and non-profit organizations. A rating scale evaluated the comprehensiveness of answers. Qualitative methods of interview transcripts identified patterns and emerging themes across several network elements regarding network design, stakeholder engagement, lessons learned, strengths, weaknesses, and factors to successful implementation. Successful air sensor networks require a thorough assessment of the existing sensor technology and monitoring gaps, structured operational and maintenance plans, a variable funding model, dynamic network design, cross-sector collaboration, broad stakeholder buy-in, and meaningful community engagement. Common challenges include sensor maintenance, data transmission, and calibration. Experts recommend structured management plans, variable funding mechanisms, and community programs for transparency, education, and data-driven action. Findings from this study can inform the development of a citywide sensor-based air monitoring network in Chicago, specifically in environmental justice communities.