Physical Fitness and Dietary Intake Across a Spectrum of Glucose Tolerance: Effects on Insulin Resistance

Modifiable lifestyle factors can affect body weight, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and long-term glucose control. Each factor exerts a different effect on insulin resistance and/or the development/progression to T2DM. Individuals with one or more non-modifiable risk factors, in conjunction with adopting unhealthy lifestyle factors (poor diet, decreased physical fitness, etc.), place themselves at a greater risk for insulin resistance, poor glucose control, and the development/ progression to T2DM. This study examined the two specific risk factors (dietary macronutrient content and physical fitness) both alone and in combination on insulin resistance and glucose control in a group of individuals across the spectrum of glucose tolerance.